Urubyiruko ni kimwe mu byiciro by’abaturage biri mu bihe bisaba kwitonda, kubera izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro ku masoko. Ni ibihe bidasanzwe kuko ubuzima bugomba gukomeza, ahubwo abantu bagahindura uko babaho.
Nyamara hari urubyiruko rukomeza kubaho nk’ibisanzwe, rugakoresha amafaranga mu buryo butitondewe, ibintu bigira ingaruka mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.
Nko mu Ukwakira 2022, ibiciro ku isoko mu mijyi byazamutseho 20.1%, aho nk’ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bidasembuye byazamutseho 39.7%.
Iteganyamibare ryerekana ko muri uyu mwaka, u Rwanda ruzagira impuzandengo y’izamuka ry’ibiciro ya 13.2%.
Mu magambo make, ikintu cyagurwaga 100 Frw mu mwaka ushize, uyu mwaka uzarangira kigura hejuru ya 113 Frw, nubwo hari ibizaba byarazamutse cyane wenda bikikuba kabiri, ibindi ntibizamuke.
Tekereza ikanzu nziza waguze umwaka ushize uyu munsi aho igeze, cyangwa ibindi ukenera muri makeup, amavuta wisiga cyangwa imyambaro n’ibindi bikoresho ukenera!
Iri zamuka ry’ibiciro rigeze ku ijanisha riri hejuru y’igipimo fatizo cya 5% u Rwanda rwihaye, n’urubibi ntarengwa rwa 8% rufatwa nk’igipimo gishobora kwihanganirwa mu izamuka ry’ibiciro ku mwaka.
Ni ibikorwa bigira ingaruka ku rubyiruko mu buryo by’umwihariko, kuko usanga ari rwo rwiganjemo abashomeri cyangwa bafite amikoro aciriritse.
Prof Kasai Ndahiriwe uyobora Ishami rishinzwe Politiki y’Ifaranga muri Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, BNR, avuga ko mu bihe nk’ibi urubyiruko rukwiye kugabanya uburyo rukoresha amafaranga ku bintu rukenera (consumption), ahubwo rukongera amafaranga ajya mu bintu bizabyara inyungu (investment).
Ati “Icya mbere, amafaranga akoreshwa mu bintu by’ako kanya, bikwiye kugabanyuka. Nubwo no mu bindi bihe atari byiza, atari byo umuntu ashyiramo imbaraga, ariko mu bihe nk’ibi bidasanzwe, ibijyanye n’amafaranga umuntu atanga ku byo akenera byoroheje, yari akwiye kubigabanya, agakora iby’ibanze.”
Ibyo umuntu akwiye kugabanya ngo bishobora kubamo imyambaro mishya akeneye kugura, ibyo kurya cyangwa kunywa bitari ngombwa.
Ibyo bikajyana no kugabanya amafaranga umuntu akoresha mu rugendo, aho niba ukeneye nko gusura inshuti cyangwa abavandimwe bari mu cyerekezo kimwe, ushobora kubasurira umunsi umwe aho kujyayo mu bihe bitandukanye, bimwe bavuga ko “ibuye rimwe ryishe inyoni ebyiri.”
Prof Ndahiriwe akomeza ati “Icyo gihe ibikorwa byawe urabikoze, ariko washyizemo imibare myinshi itandukanye n’igihe ibintu bimeze neza.”
Mu gihe abantu begereje iminsi mikuru, anavuga ko urubyiruko rushobora kwigomwa kugura ibintu byinshi rudakeneye cyane.
Akomeza ati “Niba nashakaga guhindura telefoni, na yo ni ibintu ukenera gutyo gusa ntabwo ari ishoramari uba ukora, ariko biterwa n’akazi ukora kuko hari ushobora kuba akora akazi ka telefoni, akaba ari ugushora imari.”
“Ariko niba ari iyo kwitabiraho gusa, iyo ufite ukabona ikibikora, urayireka ahubwo ukajya mu bigufasha kuzigama no gushora imari, ukavuga uti ‘ibi bihe ntabwo ari ibihe byo gusohora amafaranga yo ku rwego rwo hejuru’, keretse ibintu urimo kubona ko ari ngombwa, nabwo wabariye neza ukavuga uti ‘iki ndagikora ubu, ikindi nzagikora ubutaha’.”
Ibibazo by’iri zamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro bishingiye ahanini ku ngaruka z’intambara y’u Burusiya na Ukraine – ibihugu bikungahaye cyane kuri peteroli, gaz, inyongeramusaruro, amabuye y’agaciro n’ibinyampeke – ku buryo yatumye ibintu byinshi bibura ku isoko, bityo ibiciro byabyo birazamuka.
Byanazamuye kandi ikiguzi kigenda ku bubahirane mpuzamahanga kuko ubwikorezi bwahenze, ibintu birushaho kuba bibi kubera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi utarabaye mwiza mu mezi ashize kubera imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, BNR iheruka gufata ingamba zituma uburyo abaturage babona amafaranga ava mu mabanki buhenda, nk’uburyo bwatuma batekereza kabiri mbere yo kuyasohora ku bintu bagura.
Ni icyemezo gituma igihe ibiciro byazamutse, abantu batihutira gutanga amafaranga basabwe, bityo bikagabanya umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’ibiciro.
Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, John Rwangombwa, aheruka kuvuga ati “Icyo gihe wawundi wazamuraga igiciro bikamuca intege, ntakomeze kuzamura kuko yabuze abaguzi. Ni ko ibi byemezo bya Banki Nkuru bikora ubundi. Bica intege amafaraga ajya mu bantu, bikagabanya ko abantu bihutira kugura ibintu, bigaca intege wawundi washakaga kuzamura ibiciro kuko abaguzi bamubanye bakeya, bikagabanya wa muvuduko w’ibiciro kuzamuka.”
Imibare yerekana ko mu Rwanda, abaturage 71% bari munsi y’imyaka 30.
