Tariki ya 20 Kamena 2001 ni bwo Isi yose yizihije bwa mbere Umunsi wahariwe kuzirikana Impunzi. Icyo gihe wahuriranye no kuzirikana imyaka 51 yari ishize hashyizweho amasezerano agenga sitati y’ubuhunzi.
Ni amasezerano yari ashingiye ku ngingo nyamukuru ijyanye n’uko impunzi uko yaba imeze kose idakwiriye gusubizwa mu gihugu yahunze iturukamo mu gihe bitagaragazwa ko ibibazo bitarabonerwa umuti.
Yanarebaga ku buryo bworohereza impunzi kubaho binyuze mu guhabwa uburenganzira bwo gutura, kubona akazi no kwiga ku buryo zibeshaho ntawe batezeho amaboko n’ibindi.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi, HCR, rigaragaza ko kuri ubu abagera kuri miliyoni 89,3 ku Isi bakuwe mu byabo; muri bo miliyoni 27,1 ni impunzi mu gihe 41% ari urubyiruko ruri munsi y’imyaka 18.
Kugeza muri Mata 2023 mu Rwanda ho habarurwaga impunzi 132.926 ziri mu Nkambi ya Kiziba yo mu Karere ka Karongi, iya Nyabiheke mu Gatsibo, n’iya Kigeme y’i Nyamagabe, iya Mugombwa y’i Gisagara, n’iya Mahama yo mu Karere ka Kirehe. Muri zo hafi 60% ni izo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, RDC.
Ababa muri izo nkambi kandi biyongera ku zindi mpunzi ziba mu mijyi nka Nyamata na Kigali; nko mu Kigo cya Gashora ETM Center habarizwa 808 bavuye muri Libya.
Urubyiruko rw’impunzi rwahawe akazi mu mirimo itandukanye
U Rwanda nk’igihugu gisobanukiwe ubuhunzi icyo ari cyo rwatekereje imishinga itandukanye ruyifatanyamo n’abafatanyabikorwa banyuranye mu kuzamura imibereho myiza yazo n’iy’Abanyarwanda bazakiriye.
Uwa hafi ni uwiswe ‘Jya Mbere’ u Rwanda rwafatanyijemo na Banki y’Isi aho yatanze miliyari 80 Frw mu guteza imbere imibereho myiza binyuze mu kubaka ibitaro, imiyoboro y’amazi, imihanda, amashuri n’abafite imishinga bagashyigikirwa.
Igice cyo gushyigikira abafite imishinga ibyara inyungu, gikurikiranwa na Banki y’u Rwanda Itsura Amajyambere, BRD, aho ikorana na banki z’ubucuruzi hanyuma igaha amafaranga abayifite bijyanye n’icyiciro barimo.
Kugeza ubu BRD imaze gutanga miliyari 2.4 Frw mu ngengo y’imari ya miliyari 6.3 Frw iki gice cyagenewe. Amafaranga yahawe abagera ku 5818 mu bikorwa by’uyu mushinga uzasozwa 2026.
Ni itegeko ko ushyigikirwa agomba kuba afite umubare w’impunzi yahaye akazi kugira ngo na zo zikomeze kubona amafaranga ashobora kuzitunga. Mu bahawe akazi, benshi ni urubyiruko.
Nko mu Karere ka Gatsibo, Kanamugire Innocent, yatewe inkunga mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi aho yahawe inguzanyo ya miliyoni 9 Frw, umushinga umwishyurira agera kuri miliyoni 3.6 Frw, ndetse ngo arateganya gusaba miliyoni 18 Frw.
Ubwo bushabitsi bwabereye umugisha Nyiramugisha Clementine na Rugamba Didier bavuka ku babyeyi baturutse muri RDC, ubu batuye mu Nkambi ya Nyabiheke. Ni bo bita kuri ayo matungo bagahembwa buri munsi.
Nyiramugisha ati “Numvise ko hano bari gutanga akazi nanjye ndaza barakampa. Mpembwa buri munsi. Igice cy’amafaranga bampa ngitanga ku babyeyi kugira ngo bahahe, ikindi nkakizigama kuko nshaka nanjye kwikorera mu minsi iri imbere.”
Mugenzi we Rugamba ati “Nubwo amafaranga mpembwa amfasha kwikenura, aka kazi kanampaye amasomo ajyanye n’uko ngomba gushaka uko nanjye natekereza umushinga kuko aha buri wese aba afite amahirwe yo gutangiza ubucuruzi.”
Uretse abo, Umuyobozi w’Uruganda rutonora Umuceri rwo mu Karere ka Huye, Gakara Edie Patrick, agaragaza ko basabye inguzanyo ya miliyari 1 Frw, ‘Jya Mbere’ ibunganira miliyoni zirenga 300 Frw “ndetse turateganya gusaba indi miliyari 1.5 kuko amafaranga nk’ayo ni akantu gato iwacu.”
Mu bakozi 80 uru ruganda rukoresha barimo Shema Anastase na Umutoni Sifa babarizwa mu Nkambi ya Kigeme, aho bageze bavuye i Masisi muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Shema ati “Kuri njye ubuzima bwarahindutse. Maze umwaka urenga ndi muri aka kazi. Ubu ndi umusore kandi uzi neza ibyo dukenera ariko byose ndabyikemurira. Mbikemura nibuka kuzigama kugira ngo ejo cyangwa ejo bundi nzakure umuryango wanjye mu nkambi mbe nanawubakira.”
Muri uru ruganda Umutoni ashinzwe gupima umuceri wose urwinjiyemo. Ati “Uru ruganda rwampinduriye ubuzima mbasha kubaho. Ubu biragoye ko naburara. Mu mezi umunani maze nkora hari ibyo maze kwigezaho mu buryo bw’ubukungu.”
Mu Karere ka Gatsibo hubatswe Isoko rya Mugera ryashoweho miliyoni 489 Frw. Iryo isoko Yoboka Idrissa wageze mu Rwanda mu 2005 yaribonyemo amahirwe yiyemeza kujya gukora ubudozi bugezweho butandukanye n’ubwo Se yakoraga mbere.
Ati “Ricyubakwa naribonyemo amahirwe. Ku munsi w’isoko tubona akazi kenshi cyane. Naje inaha ndi umusore nshaka uko nakwiteza imbere. Narangije kwiga sinahita mbona akazi ntekereza kwiga imyuga, mpitamo ubudozi. Data yanyeretse ko bishoboka ubu niba ikoti ari ibihumbi 60 Frw ndaridoda bakayampa. Ntunze umuryango kandi ntibingora kubona ibyo ukenera.”
No mu mashuri ntibahejwe
Ntabwo biba ahari ho hose aho impunzi igera mu gihugu yahungiyemo ikiyakira ndetse igatangira gutekereza uko yasubira mu ishuri nk’uburyo buyifasha kugera ku nzozi zayo.
Uwizeye Alliance uhagarariye Abanyeshuri bagenzi be (doyenne) muri G.S Mugombwa, ikigo cyigamo impunzi zavuye muri RDC zigera ku 2230, zikiyongera ku baturage bazakiriye 1526, avuga ko bafite icyizere cyo kubaho nk’abandi Banyarwanda bose.
Uyu munyeshuri wiga mu mwaka wa gatandatu Indimi n’Ubuvanganzo agira ati “Mfite intego yo gukora kugira ngo ahazaza hanjye n’ah’umuryango wanjye hazabe heza. Ni yo mpamvu naje ku ishuri hano. Ndashaka kuzaba umuyobozi cyangwa ngakora indi mirimo inteza imbere ntibagiwe n’igihugu cyanyakiriye kuko ni cyo gihembo nacyitura.”
Mugenzi we uhagarariye abanyeshuri bo muri Don Bosco Nyamagabe Technical Secondary School, Gashema Esperant, avuga ko yagiye kwiga amasomo y’ubwubatsi kugira ngo azagire uruhare mu guteza imbere umuryango we abe yanawufasha kuva mu bukene.
Ati “Isi y’ubu ishingiye ku bumenyi. Biragoye ko umuntu ashobora kuba yageraho mu gihe yaba yasuzuguye ibijyanye no kwiga. Kuri twe twaje duhunze ni umwihariko. Tugomba gukora ibishoboka ngo tubyaze aya mahirwe yo kwiga twahawe n’igihugu twahungiyemo kuko aboneka hake cyane.”
Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hari impunzi 133,062 zaturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye, 61.3% zavuye muri RDC, 38.1% zituruka mu Burundi, 91% muri abo bose bakaba baba mu nkambi.
