Gushakisha umutungo ntibyagenewe abatarahawe umurage gusa, ahubwo ni kimwe mu mahame y’ubukungu nubwo tutakwirengagiza inama ku bijyanye n’imari y’umuntu bwite zishingira ku kugena ingengo y’imari, kwizigamira n’ibindi.
Igihe cyose ukiri muzima ntuzigera ubona abantu bareshya mu nzego. Ariko kandi intego z’umuntu ku giti cye ni zo zimubashisha kujya kure y’ubukene akigwizaho umutungo.
Inkuru KURA yaguteguriye irakubwira ibimenyetso bitanu bigaragaza ko usatira ubukire nk’uko inzobere mu bukungu zabigaragaje binyuze mu mahame yabwo:
1. Ubwizigame buhagije ku nyungu
Duhereye ku ihame ry’ubukungu rya “Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS)” rivuga ko amafaranga yiyongereye ku nyungu yazigamwa aho gukoreshwa.
Igihe ugize inyungu nyinshi cyangwa winjije ayo utatekerezaga, uba ufite amahirwe yo kuzigama menshi n’ubukungu bukiyongera.
Uwashoboye kubyubahiriza yagura umutungo byihuse. Ubwiyongere bw’amafaranga abikwa ni inzira igana ku bukire burambye.
2. Gushora mu bikorwa bikura mu gaciro
Uzabona umuntu afashe amafaranga ye akagura ubutaka mu gihe undi banganya amafaranga ayabikije kuri Banki.
Urugero rworoshye ni ukugura imigabane, ubutaka cyangwa amasosiyete runaka. Igihe uhitamo gushora imari mu migabane, uba uguze igice cya sosiyete gishobora gukura no kongera agaciro kayo n’inyungu yawe.
Ubutaka bushobora kugira agaciro karuseho bitewe n’impinduka zitandukanye nk’iterambere ry’ahantu cyangwa ibyifuzo ku masoko.
Ihame ry’ubukungu rya “Capital Accumulation and Asset Appreciation” rivuga ko gushora mu mitungo minini biruta kubika amafaranga mu ntoki.
Ishoramari ryose rishobora guhura n’ibirikoma mu nkokora nk’igihombo ariko ntibihagarika abanyembaraga gushora, kuko umusaruro wose bakira witwa inyungu cyangwa amasomo abakomeza mu bikorwa byabo.
3. Inzira zirenze imwe zo kwinjiza amafaranga
Utangiye ubucuruzi ariko kubera impamvu itunguranye burahombye uvuye ku isoko. Gufunga imiryango ishobora kuba ingaruka yo kwishingikiriza ku gikorwa kimwe.
Abanyamibare bakora batekereza ku cyazahura ibikorwa byabo igihe bihuye n’imbogamizi yabihirika.
Ihame ry’ubukungu ryitwa “Portfolio Theory and Risk Diversification” rivuga ku kugira ibikorwa birenga kimwe bibyara inyungu.
Ushobora kwibaza impamvu abashoye amwe mu bikorwa bisa badakuza ubucuruzi ku kigero kingana. Ese utekereza ko urya inyungu n’uwongera gushora inyungu mu bindi bikorwa bazaguka kimwe? Oya! Uwariye inyungu yishima mbere by’igihe gito naho ushora inyungu mu bindi bikorwa bibyara inyungu akazishima by’igihe kirekire.
Kugira uburyo butandukanye bwinjiza amafaranga ni imwe mu nzira zigaragaza ko umuntu asatira ubukire burambye.
4. Gufata amadeni
Igihe cyose gufata ideni si bibi. Amadeni y’ikirenga ashobora guhirika ubucuruzi agasiga n’ibindi bibazo, ariko ni kimwe mu byihutisha iterambere ry’ubucuruzi.
Gutinda kongera igishoro bigwingiza ubucuruzi kikaba cyaboneka bimwe by’ingenzi bibugize nk’abakiliya byaratakaye.
Ihame ry’ubukungu rya “Opportunity Cost and Debt Leverage” rivuga ko amadeni yakwifashishwa mu kuzamura ubukungu igihe akoreshejwe neza harabayeho kwiga umushinga mbere yo kuyafata, harizwe n’uburyo azishyurwamo atabangamiye inyungu n’imikorere.
Igihe cyose umuntu afashe ideni ntiyitwa karyamyenda ahubwo ni inzira igaragaza ko ari gutera intambwe isingira ubukungu.
5. Gushora mu byungura ubumenyi
Mu mahame y’ubukungu hari iryitwa “Human Capital Theory” ryatangajwe n’uwitwa Gary Becker.
Ikimenyetso cya nyuma kigaragaza ko uri mu nzira yo gufatisha ubukire ni ugushora mu bikongerera ubwenge n’ubumenyi.
“Human Capital” ni ubumenyi n’ubwenge by’umuntu bikoreshwa mu kuzamura ubukungu bwe. Uzasanga umuntu akuze ariko asubire mu ishuri kwiga neza ibijyanye n’ibyo akora, kuko yifuza kubikora kinyamwuga no kubibyaza umusaruro wagutse.
Kwiga si ugusubira mu ishuri gusa. Hari ubundi buryo bwo kwagura ubumenyi nko kuganira n’abajyanama mu bucuruzi, gusura imbuga zitangaza ibijyanye n’ibyo ukora, kwitabira amahugurwa yigisha ibijyanye n’ibikorwa byawe n’ibindi.
Igihe wifuza kugera ku bukungu burambye no kongera inyugu mu bikorwa byawe ukora, ntuzirengagize aya mahame avuzwe haruguru.
