Inda ziterwa abangavu ni ikibazo cyugarije Isi n’u Rwanda rudasigaye. Hirengagijwe ingaruka zigera ku bana b’abakobwa nyuma yo gusama zirimo kuva mu ishuri no kwangirika k’ubuzima bwabo bwite, Igihugu nacyo gihura n’igihombo.
Inshamake ya raporo y’ubushakashatsi yakozwe mu 2019 kugeza 2020 yagaragaje impamvu n’ibitera kwiyongera kw’abangavu baterwa inda mu Rwanda, n’ibyo wamenya kuri iki kibazo.
Ubwiyongere bukabije
Abangavu bagera kuri 5% bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 19 baba bamaze kuba abagore, mu gihe abandi baba batwite umwana wabo w’imfura. Ibi bitandukana bitewe n’intara.
Iyi raporo yagaragaje ko mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba n’Umujyi wa Kigali bangana na 4%, mu gihe Iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo bangana na 6%. Nubwo bigaragara ko mu myaka 10 ishize bagabanutse, ariko inda ziterwa abangavu ziracyari ikibazo gikomeye.
Guta ishuri
Gutwita kw’abangavu bibatera gutakaza amahirwe yo kurangiza amashuri yabo. Abagera 12% nibo bashobora gukomeza kwiga nyuma yo gusama nk’uko Minisiteri y’Uburezi yabitangaje.
Imiterere y’uduce
Umubare w’abaterwa inda ushingira ku duce, aho mu Rwanda bigaragara ko Intara y’Iburasirazuba ifite umubare munini w’abangavu bahuye n’iki kibazo, mu gihe umujyi wa Kigali umubare uri hasi.
Ibi biterwa n’itandukaniro mu mibereho, ubukungu, no kubona serivisi zigisha ku buzima mu buryo bufatika no kuba abantu basobanukiwe agaciro k’ahazaza habo.
Kuboneza urubyaro
Kuboneza urubyaro mu Rwanda biracyari ku kigero gito kuko mu 2020 byagaragaye ko 58% y’abagore bafite ingo, bakoresheje uburyo bugezweho birinda gusama.
Muri uwo mwaka abangana na 17% bafite imyaka 15 kugeza 19 bakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina, abangana na 18% batashyingiranywe bakoresheje uburyo bugezweho bikingira gusama, kandi ibyo byose byongera ibyago byo gutwita kw’abangavu.
Gushyingirwa imburagihe
Gushyingirwa kw’abakobwa bakiri bato biri mu byongera inda z’abangavu. Mu Rwanda imyaka yo gushyingirwa ku bakobwa ni 21, nyamara abagera kuri 7% bashyingiwe mbere yo kuzuza imyaka 18, bituma bahinduka ababyeyi bakiri abangavu.
Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina n’inda zitateganijwe bitera benshi mu bakobwa gushyingirwa mbere y’igihe. Ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe na UNICEF buvuga ko 24% by’abakobwa na 10% y’abahungu bahuye n’iri hohoterwa.
Gusobanukirwa imyororokere
Kutabona serivisi z’ubuzima bw’imyororokere ku bangavu byongera iki kibazo. Abakiri bato bakenera amakuru menshi asobanura ubuzima n’impinduka ku buzima bwawo bigatuma bamenya uko bitwararika mu myitwarire yabo.
Ubukungu bujegajega
Ubukene ni kimwe mu byongera umubare munini w’abangavu baterwa inda, aho abaturuka mu miryango itishoboye baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo gusama imburagihe bitewe n’ubushobozi buke mu kwihaza mubyo bakeneye nko kwiga, kwivuza n’ibindi. Ibi bituma bashakira ibisubizo mu bagabo.
Ingaruka z’umuco
Imico gakondo ijyanye no kuboneza imbyaro n’imibonano mpuzabitsina ituma bamwe batirinda. Abangavu benshi bahura n’imyumvire ibabuza gukoresha uburyo bwo kwikingira igihe bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina no kuyiganiraho, bigatuma babura amakuru yabarinda kwiyangiza.
Ikigare
Abana b’abakobwa benshi bishora mu ngeso z’ubusambanyi kubera ibiganiro bakura mu bigare bajyana nabyo, kuyoba kwabo bikoroha bagaterwa inda bakiri bato.
Ibi bitekerezo bituma bashukwa cyangwa bagahabwa amakuru abatera amatsiko abibaganisha ku kugerageza n’ibidakorwa.
Ibibazo ku buzima
Abangavu baterwa inda bahura n’ibibazo byinshi ndetse n’abo bibarutse badasigaye. Bimwe mu bibazo bahura nabyo harimo kubyara mbere y’amezi icyenda, kubyara abana b’ibiro bicye cyane, ndetse no gupfa igihe babyara.
Ingaruka ku buzima bwo mu mutwe
Aba bakobwa baterwa inda bakiri bato bakunze guhura n’ingaruka yo kwiyanga, kwigunga, kwiheba no kubura ahazaza, guhangayika, kumva basuzuguwe ibyo bikangiza ahazaza habo.
Ejo hazaza
Tutitaye ku bibazo hari ibyiringiro. Imbaraga zishyirwa mu burezi, mu buvuzi no mu bikorwa by’abaturage bishobora kugabanya inda ziterwa abangavu.
Guha imbaraga abakobwa binyuze mu burezi n’amahirwe mu kwiteza imbere bikomeje kuba ingamba zifatika mu gukumira inda z’abangavu zibubakamo icyizere.
Inda ziterwa abangavu mu Rwanda ni ikibazo giterwa n’impamvu zirimo: imibereho, ubukungu, umuco n’uburezi. Mu gihe hari intambwe imaze guterwa, haracyari byinshi byo kwitabwaho harebwa niba buri mukobwa w’umwangavu mu Rwanda yishoboye ndetse yihagije mu kwirinda izi nda baterwa batarakura, bagafashwa mu buryo bushoboka cyane cyane kwigishwa.
