Turi mu ntangiro z’umwaka aho benshi bafite imigambi itandukanye ijyanye n’ibyo kwizigama bashyira udufaranga kuri za konti zabo, icyakora hari ubwo umwaka ugera ku musozo, wasubiza amaso inyuma ugasanga amafaranga wayakoresheje ibindi.
Abakiri bato barabigambirira ariko akenshi ugasanga ayo mafaranga bagiye bayakoresha mu kwishyura ibintu bitandukanye n’ibindi bashobora kwishyura batari barabiteganyije mu igenamigambi ryabo.
Hagendewe ku mibare ya raporo yatanzwe na Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, bigaragara ko mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2020, abagore kimwe n’abagabo batabashije kugera ku mpuzandengo y’ubwizigame isanzwe ya 54%. Ibi bihumira ku mirari iyo utereye akajisho ku rubyiruko rusanzwe rumenyereweho kutinjiza agatubutse, bigashimangira uko ibyo kwizigama birushaho kuba ingorabahizi.
Hakomeje gutezwa imbere uburyo bw’Imari buzwi ndetse ntibyoroshye gukora amahitamo kuko hari n’uburyo bwa gakondo busanzweho bwo kwizigama, ari nayo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane gucukumbura no kumenya byinshi kuri iyi ngingo igendanye n’iby’imari.
Ubundi kubera iki hari benshi bagikoresha uburyo bwa kera kandi hari uburyo bushya buri gushyirwamo imbaraga?
Uburyo bw’imicungire y’amafaranga bwa gakondo, ni bwo akenshi bwagiye buranga ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi, uburyo bwiganjemo ubwo kwizigama abantu babinyujije mu matsinda, amashyirahamwe yo kugurizanya, guhereza umuntu umwe runaka wo mu muryango ngo akubikire n’ubundi buryo nk’ibimina ndetse n’ibindi.
Mu Rwanda, imibare igaragaza ko urubyiruko rugera kuri 50% ari rwo rubasha kwizigama biciye mu buryo buzwi, mu gihe hari abandi bagera kuri 55% bizigama babinyujije mu buryo butazwi mu mategeko nk’ibimina, VSLA n’ubundi buryo nk’uko byagaragajwe na BNR mu 2021.
Ubu buryo bwo kwizigama bwa kera, bukoreshwa abantu bagamije kuba bagura imitungo runaka nk’ubutaka, inzu, gutangira ubushabitsi cyangwa se hakaba n’ababukoresha hagamijwe kwegeranya ubushobozi bubafasha mu kwishyura amafaranga mu mashuri makuru na za kaminuza.
Impamvu igaragazwa nk’ikururira benshi muri ubu buryo bwo kwizigama ni uko biha ikaze bose kandi bikabamo n’inyungu ku buryo usanga n’umuntu ufite ibihumbi bitanu adahezwa kuri izo nyungu, kandi ugasanga bigengwa n’amategeko adakakaye abanza kwemeranwaho hagati y’abanyamuryango ndetse ukanasanga uburyo babonamo inguzanyo buba bworoshye cyane.
Ibi rero bikunze kubera byiza urubyiruko kuko bishobora kubafasha kwizigama buri cyumweru, ibintu bibahoza ku gitutu cyo guhora bashakisha icyo bazizigama ubutaha, kubona inguzanyo igihe bayikeneye nubwo bikunze kujyana n’inyungu z’umurengera, ariko bikagira umumaro mu gihe runaka cyemeranijweho kuko imigabane yose yatanzwe n’inyungu, bigabanywa abanyamuryango bose muri rusange.
Ni izihe nyungu zo kuzigama mu buryo buzwi?
Nubwo kwizigama mu buryo bwa gakondo bishobora kugira inyungu nyinshi bikanifashishwa kenshi, ariko kuyoboka serivisi z’imari ziciye mu buryo buzwi bishobora kuguhesha inyungu na serivisi nyinshi kurusha uko wabibona binyuze mu buryo bw’imari bwa gakondo.
Icya mbere wakesha kugana serivisi z’imari zizwi nko kuyoboka za banki, harimo kwizera umutekano w’amafaranga yawe, ubushobozi bwo kwizigama by’igihe kirekire, no kubona inguzanyo z’igihe kirekire ku buryo umuntu ashobora kujya mu bushabitsi adasabwe inyungu iri ku mpuzandengo yo hejuru.
Impamvu wabijyamo byombi
Kujya muri ubu buryo bwo kwizigama bwombi, bishobora kubera urubyiruko ingirakamaro kuko bashobora kwizigama amafaranga make make mu buryo bwa gakondo, hanyuma ukajya uyahuriza muri banki amaze kugwira ukanabona inyungu.
Kwimura amafaranga yawe uyavana muri ubwo buryo bwa gakondo, ujya mu buryo buzwi, ni uburyo bwiza bwo kubona inyungu z’igihe kirekire, ndetse izi serivisi zigezweho na zo zitanga uburyo bushobora gufasha abagifite amikoro make ariko bifuza kwizigama.
Biraruta kuba urubyiruko mu buryo bwo kuzigama rukoresha, rwanifashisha ubu bwa gakondo, aho kugira ngo byose babireke baterere iyo maze bibaviremo kubura intama n’ibyuma.
