Ubumenyi udakwiye kubura muri iyi si y’ikoranabuhanga

Ibihe tugezemo bitandukanye no mu myaka nka 30 ishize, aho imirimo myinshi yakorwaga n’ingufu za muntu. Icyo gihe ikoranabuhanga ryari ku rugero rwo hasi nabwo ibihugu bikize ari byo byihariye umubare munini w’abarikoresha.

Uyu munsi byarahindutse, ubuzima hafi ya bwose bwimuriwe ku ikoranabuhanga ndetse ibihugu biracyashora akayabo kugira ngo uru rwego rukomeze koroshya imirimo, kongera umusaruro n’iterambere ry’ubukungu muri rusange.

Muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka ikigo cy’Abanyamerika cya National Skills Coalition, NSC cyagaragaje ko 95% by’imirimo yose ikorerwa muri iki gihugu ikenera ko abayikora baba bafite ubumenyi mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga.

Cyerekana ko nibura ukora umurimo ukenera ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga ashobora kwinjiza inyongera iri hagati ya 23% na 45% by’umushahara ugereranyije n’umuntu ukora umurimo udasaba ubwo bumenyi.

Uretse kwinjiriza ba nyir’ubwo bumenyi, NSC igaragaza ko imirimo nk’iyo yinjiriza igihugu imisoro itubutse kuko bizwi neza ko amafaranga umuntu yinjiza iyo ari menshi n’imisoro aba agomba kwishyura yiyongera.

Icyo kigo cyerekana ko nko muri Amerika iyo nyongera umuntu aba yahawe ishobora kongera umusoro ukava ku 1.363$ ukagera ku 2.879$ kuri buri rugo ku mwaka wose.

Inama mpuzamahanga yiga ku bukungu [World Economic Forum] igaragaza ko mu 2030 ikoranabuhanga rishya rizaba ryarahanze imirimo mishya miliyoni 150 aho ngo 77% muri yo izaba ikeneye ubwo bumenyi.

U Rwanda narwo rufite icyerecyezo 2050 cyo kubaka ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi, buzaba bushingiye ahanini ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga.

Iyi ntego ubwayo ni amahirwe ku bazaba bafite ubumenyi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga busabwa kuko bazafasha igihugu kuyigeraho ariko bigakorwa nabo binjiza.

Ayo mahirwe kandi yiyongera no mu yindi mishinga nk’iyo igihugu gifitanye n’abikorera wa Kigali Innovation City uzafasha abafite imishinga y’ikoranabuhanga kubona aho bakorera heza ndetse witezweho kuzamura urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu, aho ushobora kazatwara miliyari 2$.

U Rwanda kandi rugaragaza ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere kugira ngo rushyire mu bikorwa politiki y’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buremano rukeneye arenga miliyari 84Frw, nubwo hakenewe ayo mafaranga n’abazabigiramo uruhare ntibazibagirana.

Uko ibihugu biri gushyira akayabo mu ikoranabuhanga ndetse rikagira uruhare mu guhanga imirimo mishya ni nako abatuye isi hari ubumenyi bwisumbuye muri uru rwego bagomba kugira byanze bikunze, kugira ngo imihigo ibihugu bifite igerweho.

Bigomba kurenga ku gukoresha telefone igezweho witaba unohererezanya amashusho gusa, bikagera kuri mudasobwa na porogaramu zayo kuko ibyo bikoresho bifite uruhare runini mu kwihutisha izo gahunda zose zafashwe n’ibihugu.

Kumenya uburyo abantu bahanahana amakuru hifashishijwe ibyo bikoresho na byo ni ubundi bumenyi umuntu akeneye, bikajyana n’ubwo gusesengura amakuru ndetse no kugenzura isoko yayo.

Muri iyi minsi buri wese yabaye umunyamakuru aho yitangariza ibyo abonye, ari yo mpamvu ubusesenguzi nk’ubwo bwo kumenya ay’ukuri n’ibinyoma ari ingenzi.

Ubu abazi gukoresha imbuga nkoranyamabaga bari kuzibyaza umusaruro kuko kubona ikigo kidafite konti kuri Twitter, Instagram n’ahandi byaba bigoranye.

Iyi ni ingingo ikomeye cyane aho mu baturage barenga miliyari 8 isi ifite, abagera kuri miliyari 4.9 bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga.

Iyo ngano ni yo ituma ibigo bitandukanye bishaka abahanga bazobereye mu kureshya abakiliya hifashishije izo mbuga.

Umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga ni ingenzi

Uko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere ni nako n’ababa barajwe ishinga no kwiba abantu utwabo (hackers) baba biga amayeri mashya y’uko bagaba ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga aho umuntu cyangwa ikigo kidafite ubuhanga mu kubikumira, ashobora gusanga yaruhiye ibisambo.

Bisobanuye ko abafite ubumenyi mu kurinda ibyo bikorwa kuri ubu bakenewe cyane kurusha ikindi gihe Isi yabayeho.

Kugira ngo wumve urugero biriho, mu 2020/2021 Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, BNR yagabweho ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga 74.243 ariko bihagarikwa ntacyo birahungabanya ku mikorere yayo na serivisi itanga.

Muri Mata 2015, nabwo BNR yatangaje ko abajura bakoresha ikoranabuhanga bagerageje inshuro zigera kuri miliyoni 23 ngo bibe amafaranga, ariko bagasanga inzego zishinzwe ikoranabuhanga zayo zarashyizeho ubwirinzi bukomeye.

Aho ni kuri BNR dutanzeho urugero nk’ikigo gikomeye, ubwo urumva aho ku bindi bigo wenda biri munsi yayo uko biba bimeza, iba ari intambara mu zindi.

Muri Mutarama 2017, Polisi y’u Rwanda yahishuye ko umwaka wari wabanje imwe muri banki zikorera mu gihugu yagabweho igitero cy’ikoranabuhanga cyari kigamije kwiba ibihumbi 700$, abakigabye batahurwa batarabigeraho.

Si mu Rwanda gusa kuko biri ku Isi hose, ibigo ibihumbi 30 bigabwaho ibitero buri munsi, bigatuma ibihugu bishora muri uru rwego akayabo kugira ngo umutekano w’amakuru ube ntayegayezwa.

Kuri ubu ikigo Seeking Alpha kigaragaza ko mu 2023 biteganyijwe ko arenga miliyari 188$ azakoreshwa mu guhangana n’ibyo bitero ndetse ngo imirimo miliyoni 3.5 itegereje abayijyamo mu guhangana n’ibyo byaha.

Ibihugu byamenye ibanga mbere kuri ubu bisarura akayabo binyuze mu gucungira bigenzi byabyo umutekano w’amakuru yabyo aho nka Israel mu 2021 yinjije miliyari 8,8$ biturutse ku gucunga umutekano mu by’ikoranabuhanga, ku bihugu birenga 90.

Ubumenyi muri Coding

Ubumenyi mu bijyanye na Coding buza bwuzuzanya n’ubwo twahoze tuvuga kuko icyo waba ukora cyose, bugufasha koroshya imirimo ubifashijwemo na porogaramu zitandukanye.

Steve Jobs washinze uruganda rw’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga rwa Apple yavuze ko Coding ari ururimi rwa mudasobwa buri wese yagakwiriye kwiga kuko “rukwigisha gutekereza”.

Niwumva Coding wumve imirimo ijyanye no kubaka porogaramu za mudasobwa harimo n’iziha imashini ubushobozi bwo kuba zakwikoresha cyangwa zigakoreshwa n’abantu bake ariko zigatanga umusaruro uruta uwo abantu batanga.

Ikigo Nyamerika cy’ibarurishamibare gishinzwe umurimo, kigaragaza buri mwaka habaho imirimo mishya 9700 ijyanye no kubaka porogaramu za mudasobwa irimo n’iy’abasezera ku kazi cyangwa bagahindura umurimo.

Raporo ya 2021 yakozwe na Payscale yagaragaje ko mu isi yose impuzandengo y’umushahara w’abubaka izo porogaramu wabarirwaga mu 54.509$, kigaragaza ko mu mwaka ushize abakora muri urwo rwego bageraga kuri miliyoni 26 ariko ngo 34% byabo ni bo barabonye amasomo y’ibanze ajyanye na coding mbere y’uko bajya kubyiga muri kaminuza.

Ikigo Burning Glass Technologies kigaragaza ko 58% by’imyanya y’akazi mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga byihariwe n’ubumenyi n’abashaka abafite bujyanye na Coding.

U Rwanda narwo rumaze kubona ko ari ingenzi, muri Mutarama 2019, rwashyizeho Rwanda Coding Academy, rimwe mu mashuri yihariye rihuza porogaramu y’uburezi rusange na tekiniki n’ubumenyingiro, ishuri ryashyizwe mu Karere ka Nyabihu, mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba.

Rwari rugamije guha abarangije icyiciro rusange ubumenyi buhagije mu gukora porogaramu za mudasobwa kugira ngo abanyamahanga bigaruriye isoko ry’u Rwanda mu gukora izo porogaramu bagende bagabanywa.