Kwihugura maze ukagira amakuru ku gakoko gatera sida, nta gushidikanya ko ariyo ntambwe ya mbere yo kwirinda kwandura no kubana na virus itera sida.
Nubwo ubuvuzi ku bafite agakoko gatera sida bumaze gutera imbere mu gihugu cyacu, iyi ndwara iracyari imbogamizi kuri benshi. Kwirinda kwandura agakoko gatera sida rero ntacyo wabinganya, ariko niyo waba ubana nako, nta kwiheba, iyo ukurikije inama za muganga ubaho neza nk’abandi.
Uyu munsi turabagezaho ibintu mugomba kumenya ku gakoko gatera sida kugira ngo mugumane ubuzima bwiza waba ubana na virusi cyangwa se utabana nayo.
1. Ibimenyetso
Kumenya ibimenyetso by’agakoko gatera sida ntabwo bidufasha gutunga intoki no guha akato ababifite. Ahubwo bidufasha kwivuza indwara zishamikiye ku gakoko gatera sida hakiri kare. Ariko rimwe na rimwe umuntu nta kimenyetso na kimwe agaragaza kuzageza ubwo agakoko kangije ubwirinzi bw’umubiri ku kigero cyo hejuru. Rero ni ngombwa ko niyo nta n’ikimenyetso na kimwe ufite, ujya kwipimisha kwa muganga kugira ngo umenye aho uhagaze.
Rimwe na rimwe ubwoba bubuza abantu kujya kwipimisha no kwivuza agakoko gatera sida. Bamwe bakekako kutagira ikimenyetso na kimwe cy’agakoko gatera sida bivugako nta gakoko ufite mu maraso. Si byo. Ushobora kuba nta kimenyetso ugaragaza ariko ufite agakoko gatera sida. Impamvu y’ibi ni uko aka gakoko kaba katari kica abasirikare benshi.
2. Gutangira imiti igabanya ubukanya bw’agakoko gatera sida byongera imyaka yo kubaho
Iyo agakoko gatera sida kageze mu mubiri wacu, gatangira kwica abasirikare b’umubiri. Abasirikare b’umubiri ni uturemangingo (cells) turwanya za microbes iyo zije kudutera indwara. Iyo rero agakoko gatera sida kamaze kwangiza abasirikare b’umubiri, microbe yose yinjiye mu mubiri ibura abayirwanya maze umuntu indwara zikamwahuka. Nizo twita indwara z’ibyuririzi. Mu cyongereza zitwa “Opportunistic diseases”. Opportunity ubundi bivuze nk’amahirwe. Ariko bishobora no kuvuga kwiba icyuho cyangwa se gusahurira mu nduru. Bivuzengo microbes zisahurira mu ndura maze zigafatirana umubiri nta basirikare bahagiji ufite bo kuzirwanya.
Imiti igabanya agakoko gatera sida rero irimo burya amoko menshi. Hari ibuza agakoko kororoka, hari ibuza agakoko gufata kuri cell (umusirikare) bityo ntikabone uko kinjirimo, n’indi itandukanye. Iyo rero baguhaye iyi miti bikigaragara ko ubana n’agakoko gatera sida, bikabuza kwica abasirikare b’umubiri wawe bityo ntuzahure na za ndwara.
Mbere mu Rwanda no ku Isi hose batangaga iyi miti ku bantu abasirikare bagabanutse bakagera munsi ya 200. Mu mwaka wa 2015, ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima OMS (WHO) ryatangaje ko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko iyo umuntu atangiye imiti akimenya ko yanduye bimwongerera amahirwe yo kuramba.
3. Ushobora kwipimira mu rugo
Mu mwaka wa 2012, ikigo cyo muri Amerika cyemerera ibikoresho byo mu buzima kujya ku isoko cyemeje OraQuick in-Home HIV Test. Ni agakoresha ugura maze ukakajyana iwawe mu rugo aho ushobora kwipima agakoko gatera sida. Aka gakoresho kageze mu Rwanda.
4. Hari ubuvuzi bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwanduza ku kigereranyo cya 96%
Uburyo bwo kwirinda kwandura bwo kwivuza (Treatment as Prevention) ni uburyo umuntu wanduye agakoko gatera sida ariko akaba afite ubwandu butagaragara mu maraso, aba afite ibyago bike cyane byo kwanduza uwo bakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko ubu buryo bushobora kugabanya ku rugero rushimishije kwanduzanya hagati y’ingo zibana umwe afite agakoko gatera sida.
6. Ese ushaka kwirinda kwandura? Prep yagufasha
Prep bivuze “Pre-exposure prophylaxis”. Ni ubwirinzi ufata mbere yuko uhura n’ubwandu bw’agagkoko gatera sida. Uko igenda ni uko umuntu hari imiti ahabwa na muganga maze akayifata mbere y’uko ahura n’agakoko gatera sida maze ikaba yamurinda ku kigero kiri hagati ya 75 na 92 ku ijana.
7. Agakingirizo ni ingenzi
Twavuze haruguru y’uko kwivuza no kwikingira byateye imbere, ariko hari ikintu kimwe kidashidikanywaho; agakingirizo ni ingenzi mu kwirinda agakoko gatera sida.
