Experiencing various symptoms during menstruation is common and typically not a cause for concern. Here’s an overview of normal period symptoms and indicators that may warrant medical attention.
- Bleeding
Menstrual bleeding is the primary sign of a period, varying in flow and duration among individuals. While some may have light bleeding, others might experience a heavier flow.
When to seek medical advice: If you’re passing blood clots larger than a quarter or soaking through a pad or super tampon more than once an hour for several hours, consult a healthcare provider, as this could indicate excessive bleeding.
- Cramps and Pain
Menstrual cramps, or dysmenorrhea, are common and result from uterine contractions expelling the uterine lining. These cramps typically occur in the lower abdomen but can also affect the back and thighs. Over-the-counter pain relievers often alleviate the discomfort.
When to seek medical advice: If cramps are severe enough to interfere with daily activities, such as causing missed school or work, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider. Severe pain could be a sign of conditions like endometriosis.
- Cravings
Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can lead to cravings for certain foods, particularly those high in sugar or salt. While occasional is normal, maintaining a balanced diet can help manage other period symptoms.
- Emotional Changes
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses emotional symptoms such as mood swings, irritability, and heightened emotions. These changes are linked to hormonal shifts occurring before menstruation.
When to seek medical advice: If emotional symptoms are severe or disrupt daily life, it may indicate premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a more intense form of PMS that requires medical attention.
- Bloating
Many individuals experience bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen before or during their period. This is due to hormonal changes that cause the body to retain water.
- Acne Breakouts
Hormonal fluctuations can increase oil production in the skin, leading to acne breakouts around the time of menstruation.
- Breast Tenderness
Hormonal changes can cause the breasts to feel swollen, tender, or sore in the days leading up to a period. This symptom typically resolves after menstruation begins.
Understanding these symptoms can help differentiate between typical menstrual experiences and signs that may require medical attention. If you have concerns about your menstrual health, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.
